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This enhances the size of their average transaction in these nodes' view, thus increasing the block size without incurring the hard fork signaled by other proposals for block size increases. Thus, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the true block capacity depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the proportion of signature information.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are used, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white newspaper which:"The root issue with conventional currencies is all of the trust thats needed to make it operate. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of that trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money provided by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, particularly with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he advocates a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

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According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"At first, almost everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a great idea, as a way to separate money from the country. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist job to create an online version of cash, a way for people to transact without the prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd asserts in The Social Life of Bitcoin the essence of the bitcoin ideology is to eliminate money from social, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd quotes a YouTube video, together with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disturbs institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia says that the notions influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements like the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, that owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

It's revolutionary. "130.

But, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google research data that this was linked to libertarianism.131

Bitcoin is a digital asset designed to operate in peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they are"hard to earn, limited in distribution and easy to confirm".133 However, as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 But this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment Look At This from The Economist found that cryptocurrencies fulfilled none of these three criteria.126.

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According to study by Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, the majority of these for bitcoin. The number of users has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 about 1.3 million consumers.12

The overwhelming majority of bitcoin transactions take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes create bitcoin use very hard in a retail setting. Prices are not typically quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants important link that do accept bitcoin payments may use payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among major online retailers included only three of the top 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the largest 17 crypto merchant-processing providers handled $69 million in June 2018down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not really usable" for retail transactions due to high costs and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High cost volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases with bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.